Achalasia

What is Achalasia?

Achalasia is a condition characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax properly during swallowing, leading to difficulty in moving food into the stomach.

This results in food becoming trapped in the esophagus, causing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), regurgitation of food, chest pain, and weight loss. The exact cause of achalasia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve damage to the nerves of the esophagus.

Side Effects of Achalasia:

The symptoms of achalasia can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is one of the hallmark symptoms and can lead to malnutrition and weight loss if not managed properly.

Regurgitation of food and saliva may occur, sometimes accompanied by coughing or aspiration. Chest pain, often mistaken for heart-related issues, is another common side effect of achalasia and can be debilitating for some patients.

How is Achalasia Diagnosed?

Diagnosing Achalasia typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These may include:

•  Esophageal manometry: A test that measures the pressure and coordination of muscle contractions in the esophagus.
•  Barium swallow: A special X-ray test where the patient swallows a contrast material to visualize the esophagus and identify any abnormalities.
•  Endoscopy: A procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera is passed through the mouth into the esophagus to visually inspect for any structural abnormalities or blockages.

Potential Treatments of Achalasia:

Treatment options for achalasia aim to alleviate symptoms and improve esophageal function. In Germany, patients may have access to the following treatments:

•  Pneumatic dilation: A procedure where a balloon is inserted into the LES and inflated to stretch the muscles and improve swallowing function.
•  Heller myotomy: A surgical procedure in which the muscles of the LES are cut to allow for easier passage of food into the stomach.
•  Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): A minimally invasive procedure where the muscles of the esophagus are cut using an endoscope inserted through the mouth.

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