Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) refers to a sudden and rapid decline in kidney function, occurring over a few hours or days. This condition disrupts the kidneys' ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood effectively. AKI can result from various factors, including severe infections, dehydration, medications, or underlying health conditions such as heart failure or liver disease.

Side effects of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):

The consequences of Acute Kidney Injury can be severe, impacting multiple organ systems and potentially leading to life-threatening complications if left untreated. Common side effects of AKI may include: 

• Fluid retention leading to swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen
• Electrolyte imbalances causing symptoms like muscle cramps, weakness, or irregular heart rhythms
• Decreased urine output or complete cessation of urine production
• Fatigue, confusion, or difficulty concentrating due to buildup of toxins in the blood

How is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) diagnosed?

Diagnosing Acute Kidney Injury typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Healthcare providers in Germany may conduct the following diagnostic procedures:

• Blood tests to assess kidney function by measuring levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
• Urinalysis to evaluate urine concentration and detect abnormalities such as blood or protein
• Imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans to examine the structure of the kidneys and identify any blockages or abnormalities
• Kidney biopsy in severe cases to determine the underlying cause of AKI and guide treatment decisions

Potential treatments of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):

The management of AKI focuses on treating the underlying cause, preventing complications, and restoring kidney function. Treatment options available in Germany may include:

• Fluid therapy to maintain adequate hydration and support kidney function
• Medications to manage symptoms, control blood pressure, or address electrolyte imbalances
• Dialysis, a procedure to artificially filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so effectively
• Treatment of underlying conditions contributing to AKI, such as infections or obstructive uropathy
• Close monitoring and follow-up care to assess kidney function and adjust treatment as needed

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