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Understanding Oral Cancer

Oral cancer refers to cancer that develops in any part of the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, inner lining of the cheeks, roof or floor of the mouth.

It typically begins in the cells lining these surfaces and can spread to other parts of the head and neck if not treated early.

Side Effects of Oral Cancer

The side effects of oral cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Common symptoms include persistent mouth sores, pain or difficulty swallowing, a lump or thickening in the mouth, ear pain, dramatic weight loss, and changes in voice or speech. These symptoms may affect eating, speaking, and overall quality of life.

Diagnosing Oral Cancer

Diagnosing oral cancer usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays and CT scans), and biopsy. During the physical exam, the doctor will carefully inspect the mouth and throat for abnormalities.

If a suspicious area is found, a biopsy will be performed to remove a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

Potential Treatments for Oral Cancer

Treatment for oral cancer depends on the stage, location, and overall health of the patient. Options may include:

  • Surgery: Surgical removal of the cancerous tissue is often the first-line treatment, especially if the cancer is localized and hasn't spread.
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and kill cancer cells. This may be used alone or in combination with surgery.
  • Chemotherapy: Drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It may be used in combination with radiation therapy, particularly for more advanced cases.
  • Targeted Therapy: This involves drugs that specifically target changes in cells that lead to cancer growth. It's often used when other treatments haven't been effective.
  • Reconstructive Surgery: After removing cancerous tissue, reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore the appearance and function of the mouth and jaw.


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