Understanding Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a condition that develops as a complication of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is caused by an untreated streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever.
When the body's immune system reacts to this infection, it can mistakenly attack healthy tissues in the heart, joints, skin, or brain. If the heart valves are affected, it leads to Rheumatic Heart Disease.
Side Effects of Rheumatic Heart Disease
The most common complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease involve damage to the heart valves. This can result in:
- Valve Stenosis: Narrowing of the valves, which reduces blood flow through the heart.
- Valve Regurgitation: Leaking of blood backward through the valves, which can lead to heart failure.
- Heart Failure: When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
- Endocarditis: Infection of the heart valves, requiring urgent treatment.
Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease
Diagnosing Rheumatic Heart Disease typically involves:
- Physical Examination: Listening to the heart for murmurs or abnormal sounds.
- Imaging Tests: Such as echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) to assess the structure and function of the heart valves.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): To check for abnormalities in the heart's electrical activity.
- Blood Tests: To detect signs of inflammation or previous streptococcal infection.
Potential Treatments for Rheumatic Heart Disease
Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and repair or replace damaged heart valves. Depending on the severity of the disease, treatments may include:
- Medications: Such as antibiotics to treat streptococcal infections, anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation, and medications to manage heart failure symptoms.
- Surgery: For severe valve damage, surgical repair or replacement of the affected valves may be necessary.
- Lifestyle Changes: Including a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding activities that strain the heart.
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