Single Ventricle Defects

What is Single Ventricle Defects?

Single Ventricle Defects (SVD) is a congenital heart condition where one of the heart's two pumping chambers (ventricles) is either underdeveloped or missing entirely.

Normally, the heart has two ventricles - the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body, while the right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. In SVD, the heart cannot function as efficiently because it lacks this dual pumping system.

Side Effects of Single Ventricle Defects

The symptoms and side effects of Single Ventricle Defects vary depending on the specific defect and its severity. Common symptoms include:

• Cyanosis (blue-tinted skin): Due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
• Shortness of breath: Especially during physical activity or exertion.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or lethargic due to the heart's decreased ability to pump blood effectively.
• Poor growth: Especially in infants and children.
• Edema (swelling): Often noticed in the legs and ankles due to fluid retention.

Untreated or poorly managed Single Ventricle Defects can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and reduced life expectancy.

How is Single Ventricle Defects Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically begins with a thorough physical examination and may include various tests such as:

1. Echocardiogram: A type of ultrasound that provides detailed images of the heart's structure and function.
2. Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the electrical activity of the heart.
3. Cardiac catheterization: Invasive procedure to evaluate the heart's chambers, valves, and blood vessels.
4. MRI or CT scan: Provides detailed images that help in assessing the heart's anatomy.

Potential Treatment of Single Ventricle Defects

Treatment for Single Ventricle Defects depends on several factors including the specific type of defect, its severity, and the overall health of the patient. Common treatment approaches may include:

• Medications: To improve heart function, manage symptoms, and prevent complications.
• Surgery: Often necessary to improve blood flow within the heart and to the lungs. This may involve staged surgeries performed over several years, such as the Fontan procedure.
• Heart transplantation: For cases where the heart cannot be adequately repaired through other means.

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