What are Thyroid Nodules?
Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths or lumps that develop within the thyroid gland, located at the base of your neck.
These nodules can vary in size and may be solid or filled with fluid. While most thyroid nodules are benign (non-cancerous) and do not cause symptoms, some can affect thyroid function or become cancerous.
Side Effects of Thyroid Nodules
In many cases, thyroid nodules do not cause noticeable symptoms. However, larger nodules or those affecting thyroid function can lead to:
- Difficulty Swallowing: Nodules may compress the esophagus or windpipe, causing discomfort or difficulty swallowing.
- Voice Changes: Pressure on the vocal cords from large nodules can alter voice quality.
- Thyroid Hormone Imbalance: Nodules may disrupt the production of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight changes, fatigue, or mood swings.
How is Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:
- Physical Examination: Your doctor will feel your neck to detect any swelling or nodules.
- Thyroid Function Tests: Blood tests measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- Imaging Tests: Ultrasound imaging provides detailed pictures of the thyroid gland and any nodules present.
- Biopsy: If a nodule appears suspicious, a biopsy may be performed to collect tissue samples for analysis.
Potential Treatment of Thyroid Nodules
Treatment options depend on the size, type, and symptoms of the nodules:
- Watchful Waiting: Small, benign nodules may simply be monitored over time without immediate intervention.
- Thyroid Hormone Therapy: For nodules causing hormone imbalances, medication can help regulate thyroid function.
- Radioactive Iodine Treatment: This therapy may be used to shrink nodules that are causing symptoms or overproducing hormones.
- Surgery (Thyroidectomy): If nodules are large, causing significant symptoms, or suspected to be cancerous, surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland may be necessary.
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