Type 2 Diabetes

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body metabolizes sugar (glucose). It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels in the blood.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose from food enter cells to be used for energy.

Side Effects of Type 2 Diabetes

Untreated or poorly managed Type 2 Diabetes can lead to various complications over time, including:

• Cardiovascular Issues: Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and hypertension.
• Neuropathy: Nerve damage that can cause tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands and feet.
• Kidney Damage: Diabetes can damage the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease.
• Eye Problems: Increased risk of eye conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy.
• Foot Problems: Nerve damage and poor circulation can lead to foot ulcers and infections.
• Skin Conditions: Increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections.

How is Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure glucose levels. Common tests include:

• Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test: Measures blood glucose after fasting overnight.
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Test: Provides an average of blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measures blood glucose levels before and after drinking a glucose-rich beverage.

Potential Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Treatment aims to manage blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications. Options may include:

• Lifestyle Changes: Healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation.
• Oral Medications: Medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and DPP-4 inhibitors help lower blood sugar levels.
• Insulin Therapy: Some patients may require insulin injections to manage their blood sugar effectively.
• Monitoring and Education: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and education about managing diabetes are crucial.
• Management of Complications: Treatment may also involve managing related conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol.

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