What is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)?
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat aortic valve stenosis, a condition where the valve between the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) and the body's main artery (aorta) becomes narrowed. This narrowing restricts blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body, leading to symptoms like chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and fainting. TAVR involves replacing the damaged aortic valve with a new valve using a catheter, typically inserted through a small incision in the groin or chest.
Side effects of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR):
While TAVR is generally considered safe and effective, like any medical procedure, it carries some risks. Potential side effects or complications may include:
- Bleeding: Bleeding at the site of catheter insertion is common but is usually minor and resolves on its own.
- Stroke: There is a small risk of stroke during the procedure or shortly afterward due to dislodged plaque or debris.
- Arrhythmias: Irregular heart rhythms may occur, but these are often temporary and can be managed with medication.
- Vascular complications: Damage to blood vessels during catheter insertion can lead to bleeding or other vascular problems.
- Infection: Though rare, there is a risk of infection at the site of catheter insertion or in the heart.
How is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) diagnosed?
Before undergoing TAVR, your healthcare team will perform several tests to determine if you're a suitable candidate. These tests may include:
- Echocardiogram: This ultrasound imaging test helps assess the structure and function of the heart, including the severity of aortic valve stenosis.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can help detect irregular heart rhythms.
- Cardiac catheterization: During this procedure, a catheter is threaded through a blood vessel to the heart, allowing for direct measurement of blood pressure and assessment of the coronary arteries.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): These imaging tests provide detailed pictures of the heart and surrounding blood vessels, helping to plan the TAVR procedure and assess for any structural abnormalities.
Potential treatments of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR):
Once diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis, there are several treatment options available, including:
- Medication: In some cases, symptoms of aortic valve stenosis can be managed with medication to control blood pressure, prevent blood clots, and relieve symptoms.
- Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR): This traditional open-heart surgery involves removing the diseased aortic valve and replacing it with a mechanical or biological valve.
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): For patients who are at high risk for surgery or deemed unsuitable candidates for SAVR, TAVR offers a less invasive alternative with shorter recovery times and fewer complications.
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